Frequently Asked Questions

According to IEC 60156 standards, the breakdown voltage of insulating oil in operational transformers must be at least 30 kV / 2.5 mm across standard test electrodes. For newly filled or reclaimed oils, values exceeding 60-70 kV are expected. Insulating oil dropping below 30 kV must immediately undergo vacuum purification (degassing and dehydration).

A Buchholz relay is a mechanical and hydraulic protective device installed in the pipe between the oil conservator tank and the main transformer tank. When minor gas generation occurs due to winding short circuits or insulation degradation, the relay's upper float triggers an alarm. In the event of a sudden and violent oil surge caused by severe internal faults, the lower flap trips the high-voltage circuit breaker within milliseconds, protecting the transformer.

SF6 (Sulfur Hexafluoride) gas provides superior arc quenching and dielectric insulation. When the pressure gauge reaches the alarm threshold (typically 0.55 MPa), immediate leak detection and sealing inspections are conducted. If the pressure falls to the lockout level, breaker operation is automatically inhibited. At this stage, the system is controlled and de-energized to execute gas replenishment and gasket refurbishment.

Prior to commissioning, mandatory tests include: 1) Insulation resistance (Megger 2.5/5 kV) and Polarization Index (PI), 2) Winding DC resistance measurements (micro-ohm precision), 3) Transformer turns ratio (TTR) and polarity verification, 4) Primary and secondary current/voltage injection tests for protection relays, 5) Circuit breaker timing and synchronization tests, and 6) Comprehensive earth impedance measurements, formatted to regulatory grid standards.

Rooftop solar regulations allow commercial facilities to generate clean energy up to their contracted connection capacity for self-consumption and net-metering. The process involves: distribution company grid connection application, connection agreement, technical project approvals, EPC installation, inspection committee commissioning, and grid usage agreements. Nur Enerji manages this entire lifecycle on a turnkey basis.

Structural load-bearing capacity is the foremost engineering parameter in rooftop solar systems. Collaborating with Fenike Group structural engineers, existing structures are modeled under snow, wind, and additional dead loads (12-16 kg/m² for modules and mounting). When required, purlin and column reinforcements are engineered to guarantee total seismic and operational safety.

String inverters connect solar panels in smaller modular strings, utilizing multiple MPPTs to minimize shading losses; faults only affect isolated arrays, ensuring high availability and straightforward replacement. Central inverters consolidate power conversion for large-scale utility plants at a centralized point, optimizing CAPEX and grid interconnection at multi-megawatt scales.

Depending on local solar irradiance, tariff structures, and high-efficiency panel technologies (such as N-Type TOPCon or HJT), commercial rooftop PV installations typically yield a payback period between 3.5 and 4.5 years at current electricity prices. For the remaining 25+ years of design life, the plant produces electricity with near-zero marginal costs.

Thermographic UAV inspections detect micro-cracks, bypass diode failures, and localized hot-spots without disrupting continuous generation. Undetected hot-spots can lead to severe panel degradation and fire hazards. Regular aerial thermography maintains plant safety and boosts overall energy yield by 5% to 10%.

In compliance with high-current electrical safety regulations and engineering chamber standards, all industrial plants, commercial buildings, shopping malls, organized industrial zones, and facilities operating transformer substations or switchgear rated above 1 kV are legally required to contract a certified high-voltage consulting engineer (SMM) for HV Operation Management.

Facilities without an HV Operation Management contract face substantial administrative fines from labor and energy ministries. In the event of an electrical accident, management bears primary criminal liability. Additionally, grid distribution operators may disconnect the facility's power supply on safety grounds, and insurance providers will repudiate claims.

Under occupational health and safety regulations for work equipment, substation ground grids, equipment chassis earthing, and lightning protection systems must be tested and certified at least once annually using calibrated test instrumentation. These official inspection certificates must be retained on-site for 5 years for statutory audits.

LOTO is an indispensable life-safety protocol: 1) Circuit breaker is tripped and spring discharged, 2) Disconnector is opened and visually verified, 3) Operating mechanism is locked with a personal padlock and tagged 'Do Not Operate - Personnel at Work', 4) Voltage absence is verified with an approved detector, 5) Portable grounding leads are applied to all phases. The padlock key remains exclusively in the possession of the lead engineer.

Regulatory power standards stipulate that commercial connections over 50 kVA must not exceed an inductive reactive threshold of 20% or a capacitive reactive threshold of 15% of active energy. Exceeding either limit triggers punitive reactive surcharges on the monthly utility billing.

Standard electromechanical contactors react slowly (2-5 second switching cycle), making them ineffective for fast, fluctuating loads such as spot welders, stamping presses, cranes, and elevators. Thyristor-switched (Zero-Crossing) systems switch capacitor stages within 20 milliseconds without producing electric arcs or transients, ensuring instantaneous power factor correction and complete elimination of penalty surcharges.

Non-linear loads like variable frequency drives, rectifiers, and LED arrays inject 5th, 7th, and 11th harmonic currents that reduce capacitor impedance, causing severe overcurrents and catastrophic failures. Series-connected detuning reactors (tuned to 189 Hz or 134 Hz) shift the circuit's resonant frequency below dominant harmonics, protecting capacitor banks from thermal degradation and explosion.

An Active Power Filter (APF) utilizes high-speed DSP processing to dynamically analyze non-linear load harmonics and injects counter-phase cancelation currents into the grid in real-time. It suppresses Total Harmonic Distortion (THD-I) below 5%, stops neutral conductor overheating, and protects sensitive microelectronics and PLCs from voltage spikes.

IEC 61850 replaces complex, bulky copper wiring between protection IEDs, RTUs, and SCADA architectures with high-speed fiber-optic Ethernet networks. Employing GOOSE messaging, peer-to-peer protection interlocks transmit in under 4 milliseconds, providing infallible overcurrent tripping and feeder isolation.

Our SCADA solutions implement dual-validation 'Select-Before-Operate' sequences, IEC 62351 cryptographic authentication, and physical/electrical interlocks. Whenever field operators switch switchgear to 'Local Maintenance Mode', all remote control commands are automatically suppressed, safeguarding personnel on site.

In our smart substation deployments, IoT monitoring units continuously track transformer winding and oil temperatures (PT100/fiber-optic), oil levels, dissolved moisture, partial discharge (via HFCT/UHF sensors), and tank vibration. Deviations trigger automatic alert notifications weeks before an incipient fault escalates into a catastrophic outage.

Upon receiving your facility coordinates and project specifications, our engineering team deploys on site within 24 hours. After completing HV route mapping, transformer sizing, and structural load assessments, we provide an itemized Bill of Quantities (BOQ), single-line diagrams, and a transparent turnkey proposal within 48 hours.

All high-voltage switchgear installations, transformer substations, and solar PV plants constructed by Nur Enerji carry a comprehensive 2-year workmanship and installation warranty. Furthermore, our 24/7 emergency dispatched technical teams guarantee on-site incident response within 2 to 4 hours across regional industrial corridors.

Nur Enerji operates in full synergy with Fenike Group's structural engineering, geotechnical survey, HVAC, and architectural entities. This integrated alliance delivers reinforced substation civil works, geotechnical foundations, ventilation, and power infrastructure under single-source accountability—eliminating multi-contractor friction and delivering projects ahead of schedule.

We compute peak factory demand factors to obtain grid capacity approval from regional transmission/distribution operators. We then engineer switchgear retrofits, supply higher-capacity hermetic or cast resin dry-type transformers, verify busbar/cable ampacities, and secure utility approvals—delivering smooth power transitions without disrupting manufacturing uptime.

We initiate with comprehensive power quality and load profile auditing: 1) Elimination of inductive/capacitive reactive penalties, 2) Rooftop solar generation for high daylight tariffs, 3) Minimization of transformer no-load core losses, and 4) Premium-efficiency motor and VFD integration, consistently reducing industrial power bills by 40% to 70%.